Introduction to Goniophotometry and Its Role in Photometric Testing Goniophotometers are precision instruments designed to measure the spatial distribution of light emitted from luminaires, LEDs,
Introduction to Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Testing Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) testing is a critical evaluation process designed to assess the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of electronic and
The Fundamentals of Colour Temperature in Photometric Analysis Colour temperature, measured in Kelvin (K), quantifies the spectral characteristics of light sources, correlating their chromaticity with
Introduction to Surge Immunity Testing Surge immunity testing evaluates the ability of electrical and electronic equipment to withstand transient overvoltages caused by lightning strikes, power
Introduction to Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Immunity Electrostatic discharge (ESD) immunity testing evaluates the ability of electronic and electrical equipment to withstand transient voltage surges caused
Introduction to Integrating Spheres and Their Industrial Significance Integrating spheres are critical optical devices used to measure radiant flux, luminous intensity, and spectral distribution with
Introduction to Goniophotometric Measurement Systems Goniophotometers are precision optical instruments designed to measure the spatial distribution of light emitted from luminaires, LEDs, and other light
Introduction to Conducted Emissions in Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Conducted emissions refer to unwanted high-frequency electrical noise propagated via power lines or signal cables, which can
Introduction to Ultraviolet Radiation and Its Measurement Ultraviolet (UV) radiation occupies the electromagnetic spectrum between visible light and X-rays, spanning wavelengths from 100 to 400
