Introduction to Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Immunity Electrostatic discharge (ESD) immunity testing evaluates the ability of electronic and electrical equipment to withstand transient voltage surges caused
Introduction to Integrating Spheres and Their Industrial Significance Integrating spheres are critical optical devices used to measure radiant flux, luminous intensity, and spectral distribution with
Introduction to Goniophotometric Measurement Systems Goniophotometers are precision optical instruments designed to measure the spatial distribution of light emitted from luminaires, LEDs, and other light
Introduction to Conducted Emissions in Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Conducted emissions refer to unwanted high-frequency electrical noise propagated via power lines or signal cables, which can
Introduction to Ultraviolet Radiation and Its Measurement Ultraviolet (UV) radiation occupies the electromagnetic spectrum between visible light and X-rays, spanning wavelengths from 100 to 400
Introduction to Surge Immunity Testing and Its Importance Surge immunity testing is a critical evaluation process in electrical and electronic product development, ensuring devices can
Fundamentals of Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Testing Electrostatic discharge (ESD) is a transient electrical phenomenon that occurs when two objects with differing electrostatic potentials come into
Fundamentals of Integrating Sphere Reflectance Measurements Integrating sphere reflectance measurements are a cornerstone of optical characterization, providing precise quantification of diffuse and specular reflectance across
Fundamental Principles of Goniophotometric Measurement A goniophotometer is a precision optical instrument designed to measure the spatial distribution of light emitted from a source. The
